Apis Mellifera Mellifera and Apis Mellifera Iberiensis are closely related.

Thrice Out of Africa: Ancient and
Recent Expansions of the Honey Bee,
Apis mellifera

Charles W. Whitfield,1,2,3* Susanta K. Behura,1 Stewart H. Berlocher,1,3 Andrew G. Clark,4
J. Spencer Johnston,5 Walter S. Sheppard,6,7 Deborah R. Smith,8 Andrew V. Suarez,1,3,9
Daniel Weaver,10 Neil D. Tsutsui11,12

We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide
polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in
Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western
Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant.


http://www.life.illinois.edu/suarez/publications/Whitfield_etal2006Science.pdf

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