>
> >Contacts at Purdue should be able to provide you with many


I apparently tried the wrong contact at Purdue : (

>Do you have a definition?


The authors state: "By demonstrating the effects of neonicotinoid
insecticides
on male insect reproduction, our study provides a possible
mechanism, in addition to introduced parasites and other
land-use practices, for honeybee queen failure."

My reading of their results suggests that at the field-realistic doses that
they tested, the effect was minimal.  That's why I'm wondering whether the
 failure rate of queens mated to drones reared in the neonic-rich
Midwestern environment was noticeably higher than that of queens reared
without such exposure (such as California queens).

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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