>   The results of these trials indicated that both*N. ceranae*
>   and*N. apis*  could be present in these beehives without causing disease
> symptom and that there is no evidence for the replacement of*N. apis*  by *N.
> ceranae*, supporting the hypothesis that nosemosis is not the main reason
> of the collapse and death of beehives.

That has been my opinion all along and is entirely consistent with my 
experience.  Moreover, I have a hunch that both nosemas have been around 
a lot longer than initially proposed and that even -- perhaps -- the 
distinction between the two is an artifact of improved technology and 
observation, and the need to publish, publish, publish...

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