Hello Deknow & All,

1. I have tested all you listed. Over several years and have concluded I 
have not found a bee yet which will work for the commercial beekeepers doing 
migratory pollination without some treatemnts. IPM.
However I still remian optimistic that a line will be found in the future.

Deknow asks:
.  what happens when bees are put onto comb from deadouts due to nosema c. 
when no treatments, fumigation, or irradiation is used?

I can say from personal experience that when nosema ceranae spore counts are 
high all hives placed on the comb are he least  "dinks'. Or at least "dinks" 
as compared to hives on clean comb and free of high levels of nosema ceranae 
in the bees. Why would they not be? The first and foremost rule of 
commercial beekeeping. Also maybe the first time I ever posted the rule on 
BEE-L.

RULE 1

YOU NEED HEALTHY BEES TO MAKE A LIVING FROM BEES!   Bob Harrison

Randy has found some exceptions and there are always exceptions but only 
healthy hives are used in commercial migratory outfits. "dinks" only fit in 
research yards and hobby back yards. Maybe shocking but I do not name  my 
queens. Doing so makes a pet of a hive rather than a production unit. I name 
my dog/cat or horse.

bob

****************************************************
* General Information About BEE-L is available at: *
* http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm   *
****************************************************