> Most all the hives are on 4 way pallets using w clips so they have a half
> inch gap between. If I were to do it all over they would be the u clip or
> separate bottom boards on warehouse pallets so they can be pushed
> together.

I do not care for the U clips as they are finger mashers.

on the lighter side:
You can always tell a commercial beekeeper using U clips by the mashed
finger nails.

With only a 100 hives I would simply wrap with cheap tar paper. Upper vent
and place straw on top.

Many hives should be counted as loss and never wintered. Properly prepared
hives (strong with winter bees and enough stores) can take most extremes.
moisture is a problem wrapping will stop if done properly.

bob

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