> Floral larceny is a widespread phenomenon whereby visitors collect resources, such as pollen or nectar, but provide little or no pollination. This phenomenon is well documented in plants visited by nectar-collecting foragers, but the prevalence and fitness consequences of floral larceny by pollen-consuming visitors have received less attention. Although floral larceny generally results in fitness costs for plants, the magnitude of its effects depends on the type and frequency of visitors

> However, floral visitors should be characterized cautiously as pollinators or larcenists, as other factors such as the characteristics of the flower and the composition of the pollinator fauna in each population can influence the relative contribution of visitors to seed set. Even inefficient visitors can contribute to seed set when other pollinators are absent or rare.

Solís-Montero, L., Vergara, C. H., & Vallejo-Marín, M. (2015). High incidence of pollen theft in natural populations of a buzz-pollinated plant. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 9(6), 599-611.

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