>>...continuing bans against non-movable comb hives were and are 
steering beekeeping development on a different course than it 
otherwise would have taken, and, overnight, made beekeeping a much 
more expensive (industrial) pursuit.

Although movable frames are great for close colony inspection, and 
thus were mandated as the only legal type justified by the need for 
official inspections for bee diseases, I wonder if diseasse control 
is not worse today...  I have yet to see a feral colony with a case 
of American foulbrood or chalkbrood.

Waldemar
Long Island, NY

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