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From:
Peter Loring Borst <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Thu, 18 Jan 2018 10:14:05 -0500
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> Antibiotic??? 

The term antibiotic is used differently by different factions. Broadly:

> A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. from anti- + Greek biƍtikos 'fit for life' (from bios 'life').

Narrowly:
Antibiotics in medicine usually refer to anti-bacterial, and fungicides refer to anti-fungal, like Nosema (although only recently classed as such). To complicate matters, fumagillin was originally developed as an antibacterial (antibiotic):

> The first issue of the monthly medical Journal, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, is a very excellent one aud the names of the contributors are among the most outstanding in this field. Two new antibiotics are described--fumagillin and rhodomycin. ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPY. Vol. 1, No. l, April 1951. Washington Institute of Medicine, 667 Madison Ave., New York 21, N. Y. 

It was soon tried on Nosema:

> Attempts to control it with antibiotics, sulfadrugs, arsenicals, and anti-protozoan agents have so far proved unsuccessful, although it was recently reported that sulphaquinoxaline (0.2%) lowered the percentage of dead infected bees in cages by about 35%: however, one third of the dead bees were still infected. In view of these failures to control the disease, the announcement of the striking amebicidal action of a new antibiotic, fumagillin, aroused great interest.

Katznelson, H., and C. A. Jamieson. "Control of nosema disease of honeybees with fumagillin." Science 115.2977 (1952): 70-71.

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