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Subject:
From:
Peter Loring Borst <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Thu, 10 Nov 2016 20:14:43 -0500
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I just sent a reference to a simple PCR for differentiating mitochondrial DNA. However, this should be appended to it:

> Mitochondrial DNA sequencing is an unreliable test for Africanization. Mitochondria are maternally inherited without recombination (White et al. 2008), and so the offspring of a European queen mated to Africanized drones will be falsely classified as European using mitochondrial DNA sequencing (Sheppard & Smith 2000; Meixner et al. 2013), as will each subsequent generation arising from that mating. Currently, there is no reliable low-cost genetic test for detecting Africanized honeybees available. 

Current methods of identifying Africanized individuals,
such as morphometric analysis and mitochondrial haplotyping,
are arguably ineffective and potentially unreliable. 
In contrast, SNP genotyping provides a means to overcome
some of the pitfalls of more traditional methods

Chapman, N. C., Harpur, B. A., Lim, J., Rinderer, T. E., Allsopp, M. H., Zayed, A., & Oldroyd, B. P. (2015). A SNP test to identify Africanized honeybees via proportion of ‘African’ancestry. Molecular ecology resources, 15(6), 1346-1355.

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