Twenty-five percent may not be enough, perhaps we should bring in more Hawaiian queens. What I liked about this study is that they included a small number of ferals and swarms.  


>"Despite the predominance of C lineage honey bees in the continental United States, the discovery of a high proportion of M derived haplotypes in Hawaii suggests that bees from this matriline may have persisted in both wild and managed populations for more than 100 years, assuming the importation ban has been effective. Given the importance of commercial queen breeding in Hawaii, M lineage Hawaiian honey bees may become important for increasing genetic diversity of honey bees in the continental United States and Canada."

>Mitochondrial DNA Genetic Diversity of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera, in Hawaii. (2015) 

>Allen L. SZALANSKI ,Amber D. TRIPODI1, Clinton E. TRAMMEL,Danielle Downey

>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283727165_Mitochondrial_DNA_Genetic_Diversity_of_Honey_Bees_Apis_mellifera_in_Hawaii 




Bill Hesbach
Cheshire CT

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