Thanks for the post, Malcolm.  I'm in complete agreement.  If one watches
the bees carefully, they will tell you exactly how much smoke is necessary.

Re liquid smoke, I also strongly question whether it will remain disruptive
to the colony for an extended period of time.

Granted, when bees are on a nice nectar flow, one can often work a few
colonies slowly without smoke.  But when one is working hundreds of hives
every day at a rapid clip, without any protective gear, one can reduce the
number of stings to zero by judicious use of smoke.

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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