> >What research has been done with soft chemicals


Apivar: few would consider this a "soft" chem; active ingredient amitraz;
changes bees' heartrate, causes loss of sperm viability in queens;
persistent degradation product

>Apiguard:  a.i. thymol; can be tough on bees and brood in the short term;
residues can remain in the wax for some time; I haven't seen evidence that
when used properly, causes lasting adverse effects

>Tylan: persistent antibiotic, active for at least 6 months in the hive;
likely affects some bacteria in the hive; can contaminate honey haven't
seen any studies indicating adverse effects, but should be used sparingly

>Terramycin: to its credit, degrades rapidly, and is a "natural" product;
vastly overused; haven't seen studies indicating adverse effects

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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