> Further, I submit that shaking queen cells is only risky at certain 
ages. Once they are mature, they are hard to damage.

And they are harder to damage at at some earlier stages, but there is a 
period when they are fragile.

Also, I have heard that it is possible to shake larvae out of position 
in their cells.  Never verified this, though.

In a full frame of worker brood, I'm guessing a percentage are 
vulnerable at any given time to harm from shaking, but most are not.

In reference to killing open brood by sun exposure, apparently it is the 
UV, not the heat and it only takes minutes of direct light.

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