>  randy, i can't help but read the above as "management practices have no effect on ccd"...i have a hard time believing that to be true.

Sorry, that's not was I was trying to say.
It appears that one has less chance of suffering from collapse (I'm
intentionally not using the term CCD, since I will leave that for the
researchers to determine) if for the previous several months, colonies
have been well fed, and have had low mite and nosema levels.

Randy Oliver

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