The need for them seems to depend on the time of year and the strength
of flow.
In the spring/early summer flows, our queens migrate up into the honey
supers if excluders are not fitted (single 40 litre broodbox system).
There seems to be a tremendous pressure upwards in the late spring.
However in the autumn (fall) heather flows there seems no need for
excluders, the queens stay below quite happily.
Alan Riach,
Edinburgh

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