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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology

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Subject:
From:
Peter Loring Borst <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Tue, 7 Jul 2015 17:20:52 -0400
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To recap:

Among the earliest efforts to identify factors contributing to
CCD were chemical analyses of pesticide residues in beehives.
Initial findings revealed startling frequency of contamination by
pesticides other than neonicotinoids in the hive. Two acaricides
used by beekeepers to control varroa mites, fluvalinate and
coumaphos, contaminated almost all hives tested. These two
compounds had already been demonstrated to interact
synergistically to enhance toxicity, and their co-occurrence
in virtually all beehives suggested a potential source of
pesticide-related mortality that had not hitherto been
considered. 

A more comprehensive residue analysis using
more sensitive techniques revealed even more types of
contaminants: "121 different pesticides and metabolites within...
wax, pollen, bee and associated hive samples...Almost all
comb and foundation wax samples (98%) were contaminated...-
with an average of 6 pesticide detections per sample and a high
of 39". Essentially every type of agrochemical could be
detected in hives -- herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides --
and, among insecticides, almost every structural class was
represented among the residues (chiefly organophosphates,
cyclodienes, pyrethroids, and organochlorines). 

Neonicotinoids, however, were not frequently detected.

Berenbaum, M. (2015). Does the honey bee "risk cup" runneth over? Estimating aggregate exposures for assessing pesticide risks to honey bees in agroecosystems. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

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