Thanks to all who responded to my antimicrobial post! To treat or not to treat in light of such recent research findings?

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0187505

I'd like direction from CAPA on this, please.  The CAPA-posted article on Nosemosis by Pernal, et al., dates to 2007 and should probably be updated. http://capabees.org/content/uploads/2013/02/nosema.pdf

Also, note that the Pernal, et al. article does not address the feasibility of freezing comb as a management option re. Nosema ceranae. See Fries (2009) and Ritter (2015). It appears that freezing comb does not kill 100% of the Nosema ceranae spores (Randy Oliver, BEE-L post, 26 Sept. 2017). Nonetheless, freezing appears to terminate significant numbers of the spores, and therefore, appears to be a useful management tool to control the pathogen, as least for smaller scale apicultural operations. I see no mention of this management option in Pernal and Clay (eds.). 2013. HONEY BEE DISEASES AND PESTS. Beaverlodge, CAPA.

Fries, Ingemar. 2009. “Nosema ceranae in European honey bees (Apis mellifera).” Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. September. 103. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.017.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38086103_Nosema_ceranae_in_European_honey_bees_Apis_mellifera

Ritter, Wolfgang. 2015. “Practical Beekeeping: Beekeeping with the ‘New’ Parasite.” Bee Culture. 25 May. http://www.beeculture.com/practical-beekeeping-beekeeping-with-the-newparasite/ 

Some of this discussed previously on BEE-L.

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