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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology

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Subject:
From:
James Fischer <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Fri, 21 Feb 2014 08:07:58 -0500
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> .a complete disregard for biosecurity.

Firmly agreed.  Here in the USA, we have lost at least one bumblebee
species, perhaps multiple as a direct result of the importation of
bumblebees that carried a European strain of bumblebee nosema.  But the
imported bumblebees were not an exotic species, USDA APHIS insisted that US
species be bred by the same international breeders that supply the UK, but
they picked up Euro-nosema at the breeding locations, which spread like
wildfire through several species of honeybees when they were deployed in the
USA:

http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/135295/0

Robin Thorp (US Davis) is a go-to guy when it comes to bumblebees. 

If you sail through the far western reaches of the Mediterranean to or from
Gibraltar Strait, you will find yourself suddenly blinded by the morning sun
reflecting on an entire peninsula. The area around El Ejido, Spain is solid
greenhouses.  You can see it here with google maps http://goo.gl/maps/lLfVm
(switch to satellite view, zoom in). On a sunny morning, you need welders'
goggles to navigate past that point.  A plastic-coated peninsula.  I have no
idea what airline pilots do to cope.

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