Lionel,


Neonics are systemic.  That means application will result in their infiltration of all plant materials, blooms, pollen, stems, roots....all of it.

They persist as long-term residuals in the soil (meaning months to years).


Those are the facts.

What this list is discussing is what that means to the bees when neonics accrue in hives and bee bodies.


Sub-lethal influences to some means "no effect" while to others, it means "stress" and short hive lives....measured as the average time queens live and the average viability/productivity of a colony.

Christina

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