The question of AHB genetics and what does this mean comes up perennially like clover. 

> Molecular characters are the first choice of researchers who study the distribution patterns of genetic diversity in a given taxon. In studies of animal species, most researchers prefer to use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) because of certain properties of this genome, including maternal transmission, a high substitution rate, and in most cases the absence of intramolecular genetic recombination (Avise 2009; Emerson and Hewitt 2005).

> On the other hand, nuclear sequences present some problems, such as several copies (paralogs) and pseudogenes, either of which can compromise the results. However, many studies have shown that the use of mtDNA sequences can also be compromised by the existence of pseudogenes; in this case, non-translated and non-transcribed DNA regions which were trans- ferred from the mitochondrial to nuclear genome (numts), during the evolutionary process

> Numt sequences were found in diverse groups of organisms including arthropods, fungi, plants, protozoa, and vertebrates. The complete genomes of several insect species have been sequenced, and numt content has been analyzed for some of them, including Anopheles gambiae (Richly and Leister 2004), [snip] Nasonia vitripennis (Viljakainen et al. 2010), and Apis mellifera (Behura 2007)

Nuclear mitochondrial DNA: an Achilles’ heel of molecular systematics, phylogenetics, and phylogeographic studies of stingless bees. Apidologie 2012

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