Chris >  they shouldn't be the sole means of selection as there are many
other racial characteristics that aren't visible and you might end up with
scutellata that look like carnica!

What do you mean Chris?

http://www.dave-cushman.net/bee/wingmeasurement.html
> Discoidal Shift... Is used most when dealing with *Amm*
<http://www.dave-cushman.net/bee/amm.html> types as most other types are
zero or positive whilst for *Amm* this is a negative value.

https://www.vsni.co.uk/2009/03/bee-breeding-secrets/

The Dark European honey bee, or Apis mellifera mellifera, is defined by
having a cubital index of no more than 1.9 and the discoidal shift angle of
no more than 0 (although these are ideal standards and not always
attainable).
Much writen about european subspecies ...

https://books.google.cl/books?id=4V94etycswoC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=scutellata+discoidal+shift&source=bl&ots=QSe12t6hvg&sig=Vb4SlKBTZMYYhYBarugZPesOAcI&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scutellata%20discoidal%20shift&f=false

*but Which is discoidal shift and cubital index of scutellata?*


Lots of work done by brasilian to the point of having their own proposal
Is the brasilian geometric proposal equivalent?

*Morphometric differences in a single wing cell can*

*discriminate **Apis mellifera **racial types**1*

Tiago Maurício FRANCOYa, Pedro Roberto Rodrigues PRADOa,b, Lionel Segui

GONÇALVESc*, Luciano da Fontoura COSTAb, David DE JONGa

a Depto. de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP,
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

b Instituto de Física de São Carlos, USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

c Depto. de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão
Preto, USP, Av. Bandeirantes 3900,

14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

Received 7 February 2005 – revised 14 July 2005 – accepted 25 July 2005

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