> there is a large difference in "defending" the use of a product, and the discussion of whether or not it is effective.

I have given plenty of evidence that it is not.

> Fumadil-B® treatment lowered, albeit weakly, N. ceranae intensity the following spring. However, N. ceranae was not associated with variation in colony strength measures or with higher colony winter mortality.

> Despite lower N. ceranae intensity in fumagillin-treated colonies, there were no differences in indices of colony strength or winter mortality between treatment groups the following spring, suggesting that both fumagillin and N. ceranae had little effect on colonies under these experimental conditions.

> Fall 2007 Nosema spore counts and winter mortality were not related when all colonies were grouped together. Similarly, there was no relationship between fumagillin treatment and winter mortality, with 3/21 control and 4/26 fumagillin treated colonies dying.

> Although overwintering treatment had no significant effects on N. ceranae intensity, mortality was significantly higher in colonies wintered outdoors. This, coupled with an insignificant relationship between fall N. ceranae intensity and colony mortality, supports data that N. ceranae may not always pose the most significant threat to western honey bees. 

-- Williams PhD Thesis 2013

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