Back to DWV, I don't know if anyone picked up on this in an earlier post. The paper is out now.
> Typically, however, infections take on a more “covert” form, resulting in no visible morphological symptoms, especially when infection occurs in the adult stage or when mites carry only low virus titers. Nevertheless, the fact that colonies with covert infections can suffer from weakness, depopulation and sudden collapse and that the presence of the virus has been linked with both winter mortality and colony collapse suggests that DWV exerts a significant amount of long-term stress.
Continuing
> Results demonstrate that covert DWV infections have strongly deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival. These results are consistent with previous studies that suggested DWV to be an important contributor to the ongoing bee declines in Europe and the USA.
> The strong evidence we found for a DWV-induced effect on mortality patterns and long-term survival was more unexpected. Traditionally, secondary DWV infections in adult workers are regarded as ‘covert’ and largely asymptomatic [29,67,68], but this proposition is clearly challenged by our findings, which document very clear and significant long- term effects of the virus.
> DWV-induced mortality could have several causes. Given that DWV have been shown to occur in the honeybee brain, including in the mushroom bodies [31,62,72], which are involved in learning and memory, and that DWV infections have been shown to induce learning deficits [30], it is possible that increased mortality is caused by impaired orientation capabilities or predator avoidance or that it makes them more susceptible to other environmental stressors.
Benaets, Kristof, et al. "Covert deformed wing virus infections have long-term deleterious effects on honeybee foraging and survival." Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences (2017).
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