One more, at least for California:

6.  Start colonies fresh each season with new queens.


On Tue, Sep 17, 2013 at 6:34 PM, randy oliver <[log in to unmask]> wrote:

>
> >Could you give us a short list of specific ways to do so?
>>
>
> 1.  Keep varroa levels down all year.
> 2.  Maintain good colony nutrition all year.
> 3.  Control EFB if necessary.
> 4.  If the above are followed, control of nosema does not appear to be too
> important in mild winter areas.  Likely more important in cold winter areas.
> 5.  Minimize exposure to pesticides (especially insecticides) and do not
> use miticides that leave persistent residues in the combs.
>
>
>
> --
> Randy Oliver
> Grass Valley, CA
> www.ScientificBeekeeping.com
>



-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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