>Based on that and Randy's post today, it doesn't appear to make sense to 
>treat for nosema in the fall. Any thoughts?

I thought that was well established.  N.c. is a 'summer' disease; Fumidil in 
autumn is ineffective.  That is what I have been fed - but is it true?

We were told that N.c. wiped out 50,000 colonies in Spain during the winter 
of 2005-06 (?) - but is it true?  We have also been told that N.c. + an 
insect  iridescent virus is the cause of CCD - but this was rubbished by 
Prof Ingemar Fries at the recent BBKA Spring Convention.

Can we believe anyone anymore?

Best wishes

Peter
52.194546N, -1.673618W 

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