<If you're using frames, though, you'll also be subjecting your bees
unnecessarily to all the stresses of foundation: unnaturally uniform cell
size, chemicals in the wax, unnatural comb shape, difficulty in drawing
comb etc.>

Frames do not always mean foundation, I've played around with
foundationless frames some, definite learning curve there (probably about
the same as top bars).

It's not terribly practical on any scale, but I have a horizontal lang I
built that holds about 35 deep frames.  We'll see how my Russians like it
this Winter.  If it goes well I'll probably build another, it's definitely
my favorite hive to inspect (easiest too).

Jeremy
West Michigan

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