Allen Dick wrote:

> PS: HFCS is good winter feed, but sucrose is apparently better in terms of bee
> longevity.

True, by tests run in England many years ago.
HCFS was found to be better than honey fed to bees for over
wintering. In climates where the bees can have many cleansing
flights in the winter, any of them would be fine. You will never
notice the difference.
Generally the problem is solids that they have to eliminate,
hence sugar is best with lesser particulate feeds in order after
that. Generally is important here too, because there are other
factors. For instance adding tartaric acid or boiling the sugar
also leads to greater bee mortalitity. So the chemical makeup of
the sugars is important.
Bill T
Bath., Me