Critical theory.
I am surprised that no one has mentioned "critical theory', as most intro
history classes now teach that ALL history is biased by the observers, as
one component of 'critical theory'. That is the basis for 19thcentury
history being the history of rich white guys, as it was rich white guys
writing it, and so on.
Critical theory has even made it into intro to archaeology texts -- just
pick up Sharer and Ashmore, or Fagan, etc.
dave browman