Antons Stabenthiemers study carefully notes the temperature differences between head thorax and abdomen to avoid the common mistakes in interpreting heat transfer and heat production when trying see which is producing heat and which is passive. A bee in the mantle with its head in towards the core will have temperatures Head>=thorax>abdomen is a bee not producing heat  as thuis  is just the thermal gradient produces by the bees thermal resistance. But a bee with  temperatures  head<thorax>abdomen is a bee producing heat. It all too easy to jump to the wrong conclusions (been there done that)when interpreting temperature information and particularly Infrared pictures.

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