The majority of studies on the effects of DWV and varroa mites confound
their effects since under field conditions their presence and intensity
are closely linked. This study, injecting test bees with DWV, does not
address overwintering, but suggests foraging summer workers are
affected in a variety of ways by DWV as a single factor.
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2016.2149
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