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Date: | Fri, 20 Dec 2019 16:06:35 -0500 |
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> Also, I think most of us keep losing the picture on Varroa. They do not kill our bees but virus do. So we need "virus resistant" bees.
I'm going to disagree here and push the multiple assault/stressor approach. Remember, DWV and other viruses are endemic. In and of themselves (and based on serotype), they are not fatal to the hive. Add in varroa, loss of immunity and nutrition (fat body parasitism and poor forage), environmental stressors (herbicides/pesticides/drought/winter), and poor husbandry, and you get the necessary concatenation of factors for collapse. Removing the stress of varroa is often what is needed to keep the hive on the live side of the tipping point.
See:
Locke B, et al. Persistence of subclinical deformed wing virus infections in honeybees following Varroa mite removal and a bee population turnover. PLoS ONE. 2017; 12(7): e0180910.
Loope KJ, et al. 2019 Pathogen shifts in a honeybee predator following the arrival of the Varroa mite. Proc. R. Soc. B 2019; 286: 20182499.
Remnant EJ, et al. Direct transmission by injection affects competition among RNA viruses in honeybees. Proc. R. Soc. B 2019; 286: 20182452.
S
Skillman, NJ
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