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Subject:

Re: Challenging the Superorganism

From:

Peter Borst <[log in to unmask]>

Reply To:

Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>

Date:

Mon, 13 Sep 2021 12:01:16 -0400

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> This cannot occur in nature, and is therefore a spurious point. 

Agree. Not only that but the variation in the individuals of a colony apparently increases the fitness of the whole (multiple fathers, multiple lineages, and the underlying variability). 

Saga, Tatsuya, et al. "Polyandry and paternity affect disease resistance in eusocial wasps." Behavioral Ecology 31.5 (2020): 1172-1179.

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