>>> I note this study of honey bee colonies in Kenya found bees were thriving in the presence of varroa, viruses and nosema. Colonies in Kenya are also free of neonics but that seems like an unlikely factor in hive health.
Could it bee the although neonics may not have a direct adverse effect on honey bee health (a supposition, not a postulate) that in combination with varroa that a synergistic effect which is detrimental to colony health exists?
Mike in LA
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