>
> >RE larval selection.  Many of them wash the frames out with running water
> after a graft,  then  pick that same frame 3 days later,  assured that any
> larva in the frame is no more than the age they want.


Thank you Charlie--that is exactly the sort of on-the-ground observations
that should be used for our discussions.

> when they move to a region in WI for some reason the hives want to
supercede

We also observe that certain conditions tend to initiate supersedure.  Back
in the day, when I dropped off groups of 72 hives in early July for honey
production, there would still be roughly 71 queenright hives come fall.
Once varroa arrived, that number began to drop.  I wonder how much the
issue today is due to *unsuccessful supersedure* rather than to queen
failure.

-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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