> Can you define what you mean by low quality queens? I find that phrase means many things to many people. One shared definition is about mating health and Dave Tarpy has something to say about the issue that I think is worth considering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221897199_Assessing_the_Mating_'Health'_of_Commercial_Honey_Bee_Queens Bill Hesbach Cheshire CT *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html