I thought that 35 years for Foul Brood spores was impressive - this article about melting ice and tundra redefines pathogen longevity. http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170504-there-are-diseases-hidden-in-ice-and-they-are-waking-up?fbclid=IwAR1Yf057utpcBB5PSOKXsxkagsPuKz5t4fzfEuHXBTAPOJxs1BYQFJqMATo *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html