This may help to explain why results have varied so much on systemic
pesticide "cognitive impact" in terms of "returned bees".

As a general rule, the EU countries tend to have cooler summer temperatures,
hence their intrinsic far lower HMF in honey, and the non-tariff barrier to
trade created by their low HMF limits on imported honey.
But the lower overall temps, if the effect is applicable to more than just
Thiamethoxam, may explain some of differences between EU and US data in
similar methodologies.

Disclaimer: I've only read the abstract, can't find any facility with a
subscription to this journal, and I'll not pay Elsevier's ransom of $41.95
for one paper.

"Hazard of a neonicotinoid insecticide on the homing flight of the honeybee
depends on climatic conditions and Varroa infestation"
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.129

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