An interesting study came to me via ARS newsletter. 

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/704281?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery&

Seems that the conversion of pollen to beebread is more complex then, at least I, knew. Rather scholarly and way over my head but the question I have is is there information here that will allow for improved pollen sub formulation?

>Given the abundance of bacteria and fungi within fermenting pollen provisions, microbivory among larval bees should be ubiquitous and should significantly elevate bee trophic position. 

The fact that sub is not stored and presumably not fermented could give insight as to why we have not been completely successful at duplicating a natural pollen diet. ???

Good heavens, the dear little ones are meat eaters! What will the vegans say? :-)

Paul Hosticka
Dayton WA

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