RE: different types of queens

> ... experimental design resulted in a varied spectrum of female forms, from queens to workers, including various intermediate forms, considered to be intercastes, supporting these previous findings. Honey bee intercaste phenotypes normally are not found in colonies, unless larval feeding is artificially manipulated, such as by grafting larvae older than three days for queen production, or naturally in emergency queen rearing when the bees are forced to use old female larvae. However, they would be useful for studies of honey bee development, caste differentiation, and tissue and organ developmental biology. 

A. De Souza D, et al. (2015) Morphometric Identification of Queens, Workers and Intermediates in In Vitro Reared Honey Bees (Apis mellifera). PLoS ONE 10(4): e0123663. 

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