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Date: | Fri, 27 Dec 2019 09:13:23 -0500 |
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> Why would the genetic material be any different from a drone be different than from a queen?
Because of the phenomenon know as "parental genomic imprinting"
Through backcrossing and reciprocal cross studies this defensive behavior has been correlated with paternal inheritance. Drones from F1 queens of a cross of Africanised drones and European queens were used for backcrosses in Stort and Goncalves' study which found increased defensive behaviors in backcross colonies.
Guzman-Novoa and Page report workers of a cross with an Africanised paternity have a sting response equal to that of those with full Africanised inheritance.
Backcrossing of F1 gynes twice with European drones resulted in the same worker stinging response as full European control workers. Similarly, DeGrandi-Hoffman and colleagues found that colonies with an Africanised paternity showed a higher level of defensive behaviors regardless of whether the colony was founded by an Africanized or European queen.
Reciprocal crosses by Guzman-Novoa et al. also showed F1 workers with Africanised paternity to have a greater sting response compared with F1 workers with European paternity. F1 colonies with European paternity exhibited a response intermediate to that of control European and Africanised colonies.
If imprinting is present, one would expect these asymmetries in behavioral phenotypes between F1 colonies of a reciprocal cross. These examples of parent-specific behaviors are consistent with the theory of imprinting via increased patrigenic expression or silencing of matrigenic expression.
Pegoraro, M., Marshall, H., Lonsdale, Z. N., & Mallon, E. B. (2017). Do social insects support Haig's kin theory for the evolution of genomic imprinting?. Epigenetics, 12(9), 725-742.
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