The research of Drs Rob Page and Gro Amdam suggests that the formation of
"winter" (diutinus) bees occurs at their moment of emergence--due to the
triggers of the presence of queen pheromone, but without the presence of
young larval pheromone.
This phenomenon typically occurs shortly after the first frost, due to the
cessation of incoming pollen.
--
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com
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