"For sure that female is not a clone of the mother as the egg goes thru
cross overs before the cell divisions that form the egg."
I don't get that. I would have thought that if 2 genes are present, one
dominant and one recessive, it doesn't matter which side of the DNA they
reside - the resultant individual is still identical. The next
generation is not affected either as the whole lot are mixed up again
for that.
I can't remember the paper but I do remember reading that 20% of
capensis workers can produce diploid eggs and 2% of European sub-species
workers can. I haven't come across any estimates on how the trait vary
between the different European sub-species though. All this makes sense
to me as it could account for the odd instances that are often explained
by some that eggs are being carried and even stolen from other hives.
Steve Rose
N. Wales
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