Alison McAfee has an article in the current ABJ that addresses the viability of sperm in the spermatheca of queens. It doesn't take much of a temperature excursion in shipped queens to degrade the sperm viability. https://www.bluetoad.com/publication/?m=5417&l=1&utm_source=emailmarketing&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=309351101515317666240&utm_content=2018-07-29#{"issue_id":511015,"page":74} ABJ Vol 120, pg 909 - 911 THE SCIENTIFIC TRENCHES, AN INSIDERS PERSPECTIVE Brian *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html