Thanks for the great link Bill!

They spell out exactly what we observe in the Sierra Foothills (in which
the swarming season kicked off, then was shut down due to rain, and then
recurred at an unusually late time later in the season.

Cam: Re fall small swarms (as opposed to larger reproductive swarms).  I
first noticed them when tracheal mite arrived.  And then again with the
invasion of varroa, and then N. ceranae.  But these are likely different
than the fall swarms during goldenrod in the East.


--
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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