The late Dr. Ingemar Fries once explained to me that in his opinion,
nosema is more of a problem for bees at the cold edge of the range--the
longer the winter, the greater the problem. Thus, I see little benefit
from attempting to manage nosema in California, but Canadians see greater
benefit. Still, even for them, monitoring for nosema levels in fall
certainly gives one a better window on whether treatment will be of benefit.
--
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com
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