I've got two comments for this interesting thread:
Re HMF, those who I've spoken with who routinely invert their sucrose with
citric acid, then immediately neutralize it with baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate) to minimize the further production of HMF.
Paul, re your dying bees, your comment about winter coming on quickly
caught my attention. At the "fall turnover," any bees which had previously
gone through the nurse/mid-age/forager routine quickly die off. Was the
cold weather preventing them from flying away?
--
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com
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