We didn't study this issue per se, but we did a study years ago where we measured honey yields, bee population size, etc. and calculated the stats, using relative standard deviation (also called coefficient of variation) to assess colony to colony variability. Not surprisingly, the most variable component was honey yield, the rest like brood area, overall population size, etc. were less variable. That's one of the flaws in EPAs move to use honey yield as an indicator of colony health - it doesn't necessarily track the population.
What was not clear from our paper, but what we subsequently learned, the RSD's or CV's for colony variability for a wide array of parameters, were no better for mixed races, for same race, for same queen lines, and surprisingly, even for sister queens inseminated from the same drones. This was EPA pollution sentinel work, and we thought that matching the queen/drone genetics should damp down variability - nope, didn't, in fact in some cases was even more variable. We suspect that the additional handling, instrumental insemination, may have added stress or cause subtle damage. Nothing obvious, but the extra expense and effort yielded nothing useful.
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