>
> >Can you please elaborate? At what stage as they are reared or later due
> to failure to mate or after mating.


From Punnett, EN & ML Winston (1983) Events following queen removal in
colonies of European-derived honey bee races (*Apis mellifera*).  Insectes
Sociaux 30(4): 376-383.

"Of the queens which emerged 91% were reared from brood which had been eggs
at the time of dequeening."

The above strongly suggests that queens reared from newly-emerged larvae
were those not later culled by the bees.

However, Tofilski (2004) Emergency queen rearing in honeybee colonies with
brood of known age. Apidologie 35: 275–282, found bees allowing queens
reared from larvae up to 3 days old to emerge.

Practically, I insert the frame of emerging eggs that I plan to graft from
into the cell starter for a few hours before grafting.  By the time of
grafting, the queenless nurses have already placed a lot of jelly under
certain young larvae, which I then choose for grafting.  It is difficult to
graft freshly-emerged larvae with a Chinese tool, since there is not yet
enough jelly, so I look for those with enough jelly.  The beauty of the
Chinese tool is that with good technique, one does not disturb the larva,
and transfers it intact with its own jelly into the new cell (which I've
previously given a fine misting of water to prevent dessication).
-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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