I can tell  you from 50 hives with bi-directional counters that we ran year round for several years in MD that there are hives that always collect more bees than leave, and hives that always lose bees, and this for permanent locations with no movement of hives. Drift is more common  than the books would have you believe, and it's not just downwind along lines of hives.  That can happen, but our collector hives  were as often in the middle of a yard.
 
J.J. Bromenshenk
Bee Alert
Missoula, Mt
 


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