>
> From the link-



> To  demonstrate  the  method,  33  samples  of  bees  from  different
> regions  of  Poland  were
> analysed for pesticide residues. In all, 14 insecticides and three
> fungicides were detected. Of
> these,  two  groups  of  insecticides  were  most  commonly  found:
> pyrethroids  (e.g.
> cypermethrin  and  bifenthrin)  and  organophosphates  (e.g.
> chlorpyrifos  and  dimethoate).
> Cypermethrin was found in 51% of the samples. Zeta-cypermethrin was the
> most toxic form
> of  cypermethrin  identified  and  was  found  in  33%  of  the  bee
> samples  in  concentrations
> varying  between  0.002  to  0.528  micrograms  per  bee.  This
> represents  89  to  26385%,
> respectively, of the acute contact toxicity value, LD50 (the amount of
> pesticide that kills 50%
> of the exposed population).
>

From the M Frazier US study of pesticides found-

Almost 60% of the 259 wax and 350 pollen samples contained at least one
> systemic pesticide, and over 47% had both in-hive acaricides fluvalinate
> and coumaphos, and chlorothalonil, a widely-used fungicide. In bee pollen
> were found chlorothalonil at levels up to 99 ppm and the insecticides
> aldicarb, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, fungicides boscalid,
> captan and myclobutanil, and herbicide pendimethalin at 1 ppm levels.
> Almost all comb and foundation wax samples (98%) were contaminated with up
> to 204 and 94 ppm, respectively, of fluvalinate and coumaphos, and lower
> amounts of amitraz degradates and chlorothalonil, with an average of 6
> pesticide detections per sample and a high of 39. There were fewer
> pesticides found in adults and brood except for those linked with bee kills
> by permethrin (20 ppm) and fipronil (3.1 ppm).
>

Bill Truesdell
Bath, Maine

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